I think being bolder with your colors may help.
Making shadows black I think would be a good idea
Besides making the character have more contrast than the background, you can probably pick a neutral color and just give it a simple texture. I like the direction of the crown version, but I think you need to play with contrast more.
I don't know what you have in you reference board, but I recommend looking at graffiti punk art on concrete and brick walls for ideas.
You can give your character black shadows, and outline them in a painterly white texture and then build the other colors around that. The black shadows next to the white outline can also help us look at the character more.